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3.3 Activity. Syntactic Structure questionnaire
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Cierre: domingo, 6 de julio de 2025, 23:59
This activity focuses on applying key syntactic concepts from Chapter 8 of Yule’s The Study of Language (7th ed.) to real examples. Through this task, you’ll deepen your understanding of phrase structure rules, structural ambiguity, and transformations in sentence formation.
Learning objective:
To demonstrate understanding of linguistic concepts by applying them in different structures.
Instructions:
1. Read and take notes from the following article:
The Study of Language. Chapter 8
2. After completing the reading, download and review the document with the questions:
Activity. Syntactic structure questionnaire.
3. Answer each question based on your understanding of the reading. Make sure your answers are well-developed, clear, and demonstrate critical thinking about the content.
4. Organize your responses carefully, using complete sentences and coherent structure.
5. Pay close attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling to ensure your work is academically appropriate.
6. Once you have completed all the questions, submit your answers in the task mailbox.
Product to be delivered:
Questionnaire.
Evaluation criteria:
Criteria
Score
Accuracy of answers.
60%
Use of linguistic terminology.
20%
Language and mechanics.
10%
Organization and clarity.
10%
Total
100%
Resources:
Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://sharifling.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/the-study-of-language-george-yule.pdf
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3.3 Activity. Syntactic structure questionnaire
1. What is the “all and only” criterion?
2. Do phrase structure rules represent deep structure or surface structure?
3. In what ways are these expressions structurally ambiguous?
A. The parents of the bride and groom were waiting outside:
B. We met an English history teacher:
C. Flying planes can be dangerous:
D. The students complained to everyone that they couldn’t understand:
4. Which of the following expressions would be generated by this phrase structure
rule: NP → {Art (Adj) N, Pro, PN}?
(a) a lady (c) her (e) the widow
(b) the little girl (d) Annie (f) she’s an old woman
5. Which of these sentences would result from applying the rule: NP Aux VP ⇒ Aux
NP VP?
(a) John will follow Mary. (c) Can George see the dog?
(b) You knew that Cathy helped the boy. (d) Should you believe that Mary saw it?
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Answer each question based on your understanding of the reading. Make sure your answers are well-developed, clear, and demonstrate critical thinking about the content.
4. Organize your responses carefully, using complete sentences and coherent structure.
5. Pay close attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling to ensure your work is academically appropriate.
6. Once you have completed all the questions, submit your answers in the task mailbox.
Product to be delivered:
Questionnaire.
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1. What is the “all and only” criterion?
Answer:
The “all and only” criterion means that a grammar must generate all the grammatical sentences of a language and only those sentences. It ensures that nothing ungrammatical is generated, and nothing grammatical is excluded.
2. Do phrase structure rules represent deep structure or surface structure?
Answer:
Phrase structure rules represent deep structure — the underlying syntactic structure of a sentence before any transformations (like movement or question formation) are applied.
3. In what ways are these expressions structurally ambiguous?
A. "The parents of the bride and groom were waiting outside":
Ambiguity: Are the parents of both the bride and the groom, or just the bride’s parents and the groom separately?
B. "We met an English history teacher":
Ambiguity: Is the teacher someone who teaches English history, or an English person who teaches history?
C. "Flying planes can be dangerous":
Ambiguity: Does it mean the act of flying planes is dangerous, or that planes that are flying can be dangerous?
D. "The students complained to everyone that they couldn’t understand":
Ambiguity: Did the students complain to everyone that they couldn’t understand, or did they complain that everyone couldn’t understand?
4. Which of the following expressions would be generated by this phrase structure rule: NP → {Art (Adj) N, Pro, PN}?
Rule explanation:
Art = Article
Adj = Adjective
N = Noun
Pro = Pronoun
PN = Proper Noun
Correct options:
(a) a lady → Art + N
(b) the little girl → Art + Adj + N
(c) her → Pro
(d) Annie → PN
(e) the widow → Art + N
❌ (f) she’s an old woman → Not valid (it’s a sentence, not a noun phrase)
Answer: ✅ (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)
5. Which of these sentences would result from applying the rule: NP Aux VP ⇒ Aux NP VP?
This is an inversion rule, typically used in question formation, where the auxiliary verb precedes the subject NP.
Correct options:
(c) Can George see the dog?
(d) Should you believe that Mary saw it?
(a) and (b) are declarative sentences and do not result from applying this inversion rule.
Answer: ✅ (c), (d)